Selection Strategy of Apoptosis Products- Early apoptosis

Apoptosis
is a dynamic process, which involves a series of complex biochemical reactions,
expression regulation of multiple genes, signal transduction, cascade reactions
involving multiple enzymes and multiple signal pathways. The cell feels the
corresponding apoptosis signal stimulation, and a series of control switches in
the cell are turned on or off, and activation of various enzymes triggers a
series of cascade reactions. Different external factors initiate apoptosis in
different ways, resulting in different signal transduction.

Early apoptosis

Feature 1: eversion of lipid membrane
inside

In normal cells, phosphatidylserine (PS) is only distributed on the inner
side of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In the early stage of cell
apoptosis, PS turns from the inner side of the lipid membrane to the outer
side. Annexin V is a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein with a
molecular weight of 35-36kD, and has high affinity with PS. It binds to the
cell membrane of early apoptotic cells through PS exposed on the outside of
cells. Therefore Annexin V is a sensitive indicator to detect early apoptosis
of cells. Usually, Annexin V is labeled with some fluorescent probes, which can
simply and directly detect PS eversion, an important feature of apoptosis.

Product recommendation

Product name	Cat#
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 405 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0001
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 488 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0002
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 555 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0003
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 647 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0004

Product character

AbFlour^TM
series of characteristic fluorescent dyes (blue, green and red) patented by
Abbkine label recombinant human Annexin V protein, and are matched with PI to
introduce different fluorescence apoptosis detection kits, which are suitable
for detection with fluorescence equipment such as flow cytometry and
fluorescence microscope.

Feature 2: Mitochondrial membrane
potential decreased

Normal mitochondrial membrane potential is the premise for maintaining
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, and is necessary
for maintaining mitochondrial function. The decline of mitochondrial membrane
potential is a landmark event in the early stage of cell apoptosis. JC-1 is an
ideal fluorescent probe widely used for detecting mitochondrial membrane
potential. When mitochondrial membrane potential is high, JC-1 aggregates in
the matrix of mitochondria to form polymers (J-aggregates). Red fluorescence
can be generated(Ex/Em =
585/590). when the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot
aggregate in the matrix of mitochondria. at this time, JC-1 is a monomer, which
can generate green fluorescence (Ex/Em = 510/527 nm).

Product recommendation

Product name	Cat#
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay Kit (JC-1)	KTA4001

Product character

Abbkine Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis Kit (JC-1) uses JC-1 as a fluorescent probe to rapidly and sensitively detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. This kit can very conveniently detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential through changes in fluorescence color.

Abbkine Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis Kit (JC-1)

Selection Strategy of Apoptosis Products- Early apoptosis

Apoptosis
is a dynamic process, which involves a series of complex biochemical reactions,
expression regulation of multiple genes, signal transduction, cascade reactions
involving multiple enzymes and multiple signal pathways. The cell feels the
corresponding apoptosis signal stimulation, and a series of control switches in
the cell are turned on or off, and activation of various enzymes triggers a
series of cascade reactions. Different external factors initiate apoptosis in
different ways, resulting in different signal transduction.

Early apoptosis

Feature 1: eversion of lipid membrane
inside

In normal cells, phosphatidylserine (PS) is only distributed on the inner
side of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In the early stage of cell
apoptosis, PS turns from the inner side of the lipid membrane to the outer
side. Annexin V is a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein with a
molecular weight of 35-36kD, and has high affinity with PS. It binds to the
cell membrane of early apoptotic cells through PS exposed on the outside of
cells. Therefore Annexin V is a sensitive indicator to detect early apoptosis
of cells. Usually, Annexin V is labeled with some fluorescent probes, which can
simply and directly detect PS eversion, an important feature of apoptosis.

Product recommendation

Product name	Cat#
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 405 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0001
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 488 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0002
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 555 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0003
Abbkine Annexin V-AbFluor™ 647 Apoptosis Detection Kit	KTA0004

Product character

AbFlour^TM
series of characteristic fluorescent dyes (blue, green and red) patented by
Abbkine label recombinant human Annexin V protein, and are matched with PI to
introduce different fluorescence apoptosis detection kits, which are suitable
for detection with fluorescence equipment such as flow cytometry and
fluorescence microscope.

Feature 2: Mitochondrial membrane
potential decreased

Normal mitochondrial membrane potential is the premise for maintaining
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, and is necessary
for maintaining mitochondrial function. The decline of mitochondrial membrane
potential is a landmark event in the early stage of cell apoptosis. JC-1 is an
ideal fluorescent probe widely used for detecting mitochondrial membrane
potential. When mitochondrial membrane potential is high, JC-1 aggregates in
the matrix of mitochondria to form polymers (J-aggregates). Red fluorescence
can be generated(Ex/Em =
585/590). when the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot
aggregate in the matrix of mitochondria. at this time, JC-1 is a monomer, which
can generate green fluorescence (Ex/Em = 510/527 nm).

Product recommendation

Product name	Cat#
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay Kit (JC-1)	KTA4001

Product character

Abbkine Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis Kit (JC-1) uses JC-1 as a fluorescent probe to rapidly and sensitively detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. This kit can very conveniently detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential through changes in fluorescence color.

Abbkine Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis Kit (JC-1)

Complete solution of immunoprecipitation (IP)-break down the key steps of IP step by step!

Step 1: Understand what immunoprecipitation is? Why should I do
immunoprecipitation?

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is a method for purifying and enriching target proteins from specific mixtures (usually cell lysates or expression supernatants) by using antigen-antibody specific reactions. The traditional IP experiment is that after the antibody is combined with the target protein, it is incubated with agarose or magnetic beads coupled with Protein A /G (Fc fragment of binding antibody), and the bead-protein A/G- antibody-target protein complex is obtained by centrifugation. The complex is washed and eluted for subsequent downstream experiments. IP is an important step in many protein-related researches. It is used to study the existence, relative abundance, up-down regulation of protein expression, protein-to-stability and interaction of proteins.

Traditional IP protocol

Summary: The key tools I need to use in the whole
process of IP are,

1) primary antibody: select the primary antibody that can
react with the sample and do IP experiment;

2) Potein A，Potein G or Protein
A /G：Potein A, Potein
G and Protein A /G have different binding abilities to immunoglobulins from
different sources and subtypes. how to choose? Please refer to https://www.abbkine.com/affinity-of-protein-a-protein-g-and-protein-ag/

3) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
BMR20500	PurKine™ Protein A Resin
BMR20504	PurKine™ Protein A Resin 4FF
BMR20600	PurKine™ Protein G Resin
BMR20604	PurKine™ Protein G Resin 4FF
BMR20704	PurKine™ Protein A/G Resin 4FF

Step 2: Finding that there is no suitable primary antibody to meet the immunoprecipitation I need to do?

Some target proteins cannot be immunoprecipitated because there is no
corresponding specific antibody. For example, the antigen epitope recognized by
the antibody is shielded by the interaction protein, unable to interact with
the target protein or the antibody selection is inappropriate, the selected
antibody cannot recognize the protein in natural conformation, etc. After an
epitope tag protein is used, the tag antibody against this epitope can be
selected for immunoprecipitation. Manufacturers will introduce some common
label antibodies for IP experiments, involving labels such as flag, HA, His and
Myc to meet the needs of most customers.

In particular, the agarose/magnetic bead coupled labeled antibody can
optimize the immunoprecipitation experiment to the greatest extent and save
time and cost.

1) Principle: The step of Protein A/G binding with antigen-antibody complex is omitted, and the problem of weak binding ability between Protein A/G and antibody is solved. After the conjugated antibody is directly combined with the target protein, the target protein is separated from the cell lysate by centrifugation or using a magnetic rack. The high-specificity monoclonal label antibody can realize high yield and high purity, and the stable and pre-sealed filler and the specific antibody reduce non-specific binding in the immunoprecipitation process.

Agarose/magnetic bead conjugated label antibody is applied to IP

2) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
A02010AGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Agarose
A02010MGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Magnetic Beads
A02040AGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Agarose
A02040MGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Magnetic Beads
A02050AGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Agarose
A02050MGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Magnetic Beads
A02060AGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Agarose
A02060MGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Magnetic Beads

Step 3: How to deal with heavy chain and light chain interference in WB (IP-WB) after immunoprecipitation?

In WB verification after immunoprecipitation experiment, when
conventional Anti-IgG (H+L) enzyme labeled secondary antibody is used, two
bands corresponding to heavy chain (50kDa) and light chain (25kDa) generated
after denaturation of immunoprecipitation primary antibody will usually appear.
If the molecular weight of the detected target protein is near here, it will be
interfered by the two bands. How to avoid interference,

Method 1: Select the secondary antibody that only
reacts with heavy chain or light chain. If the molecular weight of the target
protein is less than 30KD, in order to avoid interference of antibody light
chain, heavy chain specific secondary antibody is selected; If the molecular
weight of the target protein is more than 30KD, in order to avoid interference
of antibody heavy chain, light chain specific secondary antibody is selected;

Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name	Description
A25012	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25022	IPKine™ HRP, Mouse Anti-Rabbit IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25112	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific
A25222	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific

Method 2: When selecting WB primary antibody, select different species from IP primary antibody to avoid interference from IP primary antibody;

Method 3: Select the WB primary antibody directly coupled with HRP, and omit the
step of secondary antibody.  Immune
precipitation is broken in three steps.

If you have any questions, welcome to contact
us.

Complete solution of immunoprecipitation (IP)-break down the key steps of IP step by step!

Step 1: Understand what immunoprecipitation is? Why should I do
immunoprecipitation?

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is a method for purifying and enriching target proteins from specific mixtures (usually cell lysates or expression supernatants) by using antigen-antibody specific reactions. The traditional IP experiment is that after the antibody is combined with the target protein, it is incubated with agarose or magnetic beads coupled with Protein A /G (Fc fragment of binding antibody), and the bead-protein A/G- antibody-target protein complex is obtained by centrifugation. The complex is washed and eluted for subsequent downstream experiments. IP is an important step in many protein-related researches. It is used to study the existence, relative abundance, up-down regulation of protein expression, protein-to-stability and interaction of proteins.

Traditional IP protocol

Summary: The key tools I need to use in the whole
process of IP are,

1) primary antibody: select the primary antibody that can
react with the sample and do IP experiment;

2) Potein A，Potein G or Protein
A /G：Potein A, Potein
G and Protein A /G have different binding abilities to immunoglobulins from
different sources and subtypes. how to choose? Please refer to https://www.abbkine.com/affinity-of-protein-a-protein-g-and-protein-ag/

3) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
BMR20500	PurKine™ Protein A Resin
BMR20504	PurKine™ Protein A Resin 4FF
BMR20600	PurKine™ Protein G Resin
BMR20604	PurKine™ Protein G Resin 4FF
BMR20704	PurKine™ Protein A/G Resin 4FF

Step 2: Finding that there is no suitable primary antibody to meet the immunoprecipitation I need to do?

Some target proteins cannot be immunoprecipitated because there is no
corresponding specific antibody. For example, the antigen epitope recognized by
the antibody is shielded by the interaction protein, unable to interact with
the target protein or the antibody selection is inappropriate, the selected
antibody cannot recognize the protein in natural conformation, etc. After an
epitope tag protein is used, the tag antibody against this epitope can be
selected for immunoprecipitation. Manufacturers will introduce some common
label antibodies for IP experiments, involving labels such as flag, HA, His and
Myc to meet the needs of most customers.

In particular, the agarose/magnetic bead coupled labeled antibody can
optimize the immunoprecipitation experiment to the greatest extent and save
time and cost.

1) Principle: The step of Protein A/G binding with antigen-antibody complex is omitted, and the problem of weak binding ability between Protein A/G and antibody is solved. After the conjugated antibody is directly combined with the target protein, the target protein is separated from the cell lysate by centrifugation or using a magnetic rack. The high-specificity monoclonal label antibody can realize high yield and high purity, and the stable and pre-sealed filler and the specific antibody reduce non-specific binding in the immunoprecipitation process.

Agarose/magnetic bead conjugated label antibody is applied to IP

2) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
A02010AGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Agarose
A02010MGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Magnetic Beads
A02040AGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Agarose
A02040MGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Magnetic Beads
A02050AGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Agarose
A02050MGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Magnetic Beads
A02060AGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Agarose
A02060MGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Magnetic Beads

Step 3: How to deal with heavy chain and light chain interference in WB (IP-WB) after immunoprecipitation?

In WB verification after immunoprecipitation experiment, when
conventional Anti-IgG (H+L) enzyme labeled secondary antibody is used, two
bands corresponding to heavy chain (50kDa) and light chain (25kDa) generated
after denaturation of immunoprecipitation primary antibody will usually appear.
If the molecular weight of the detected target protein is near here, it will be
interfered by the two bands. How to avoid interference,

Method 1: Select the secondary antibody that only
reacts with heavy chain or light chain. If the molecular weight of the target
protein is less than 30KD, in order to avoid interference of antibody light
chain, heavy chain specific secondary antibody is selected; If the molecular
weight of the target protein is more than 30KD, in order to avoid interference
of antibody heavy chain, light chain specific secondary antibody is selected;

Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name	Description
A25012	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25022	IPKine™ HRP, Mouse Anti-Rabbit IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25112	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific
A25222	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific

Method 2: When selecting WB primary antibody, select different species from IP primary antibody to avoid interference from IP primary antibody;

Method 3: Select the WB primary antibody directly coupled with HRP, and omit the
step of secondary antibody.  Immune
precipitation is broken in three steps.

If you have any questions, welcome to contact
us.

Complete solution of immunoprecipitation (IP)-break down the key steps of IP step by step!

Step 1: Understand what immunoprecipitation is? Why should I do
immunoprecipitation?

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is a method for purifying and enriching target proteins from specific mixtures (usually cell lysates or expression supernatants) by using antigen-antibody specific reactions. The traditional IP experiment is that after the antibody is combined with the target protein, it is incubated with agarose or magnetic beads coupled with Protein A /G (Fc fragment of binding antibody), and the bead-protein A/G- antibody-target protein complex is obtained by centrifugation. The complex is washed and eluted for subsequent downstream experiments. IP is an important step in many protein-related researches. It is used to study the existence, relative abundance, up-down regulation of protein expression, protein-to-stability and interaction of proteins.

Traditional IP protocol

Summary: The key tools I need to use in the whole
process of IP are,

1) primary antibody: select the primary antibody that can
react with the sample and do IP experiment;

2) Potein A，Potein G or Protein
A /G：Potein A, Potein
G and Protein A /G have different binding abilities to immunoglobulins from
different sources and subtypes. how to choose? Please refer to https://www.abbkine.com/affinity-of-protein-a-protein-g-and-protein-ag/

3) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
BMR20500	PurKine™ Protein A Resin
BMR20504	PurKine™ Protein A Resin 4FF
BMR20600	PurKine™ Protein G Resin
BMR20604	PurKine™ Protein G Resin 4FF
BMR20704	PurKine™ Protein A/G Resin 4FF

Step 2: Finding that there is no suitable primary antibody to meet the immunoprecipitation I need to do?

Some target proteins cannot be immunoprecipitated because there is no
corresponding specific antibody. For example, the antigen epitope recognized by
the antibody is shielded by the interaction protein, unable to interact with
the target protein or the antibody selection is inappropriate, the selected
antibody cannot recognize the protein in natural conformation, etc. After an
epitope tag protein is used, the tag antibody against this epitope can be
selected for immunoprecipitation. Manufacturers will introduce some common
label antibodies for IP experiments, involving labels such as flag, HA, His and
Myc to meet the needs of most customers.

In particular, the agarose/magnetic bead coupled labeled antibody can
optimize the immunoprecipitation experiment to the greatest extent and save
time and cost.

1) Principle: The step of Protein A/G binding with antigen-antibody complex is omitted, and the problem of weak binding ability between Protein A/G and antibody is solved. After the conjugated antibody is directly combined with the target protein, the target protein is separated from the cell lysate by centrifugation or using a magnetic rack. The high-specificity monoclonal label antibody can realize high yield and high purity, and the stable and pre-sealed filler and the specific antibody reduce non-specific binding in the immunoprecipitation process.

Agarose/magnetic bead conjugated label antibody is applied to IP

2) Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name
A02010AGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Agarose
A02010MGB	Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), Magnetic Beads
A02040AGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Agarose
A02040MGB	Anti-HA Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (4F6), Magnetic Beads
A02050AGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Agarose
A02050MGB	Anti-His Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5C3), Magnetic Beads
A02060AGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Agarose
A02060MGB	Anti-Myc Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (2D5), Magnetic Beads

Step 3: How to deal with heavy chain and light chain interference in WB (IP-WB) after immunoprecipitation?

In WB verification after immunoprecipitation experiment, when
conventional Anti-IgG (H+L) enzyme labeled secondary antibody is used, two
bands corresponding to heavy chain (50kDa) and light chain (25kDa) generated
after denaturation of immunoprecipitation primary antibody will usually appear.
If the molecular weight of the detected target protein is near here, it will be
interfered by the two bands. How to avoid interference,

Method 1: Select the secondary antibody that only
reacts with heavy chain or light chain. If the molecular weight of the target
protein is less than 30KD, in order to avoid interference of antibody light
chain, heavy chain specific secondary antibody is selected; If the molecular
weight of the target protein is more than 30KD, in order to avoid interference
of antibody heavy chain, light chain specific secondary antibody is selected;

Selection Guide:

Cat#	Product name	Description
A25012	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25022	IPKine™ HRP, Mouse Anti-Rabbit IgG LCS	light chain specific
A25112	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Mouse IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific
A25222	IPKine™ HRP, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HCS	Heavy chain specific

Method 2: When selecting WB primary antibody, select different species from IP primary antibody to avoid interference from IP primary antibody;

Method 3: Select the WB primary antibody directly coupled with HRP, and omit the
step of secondary antibody.  Immune
precipitation is broken in three steps.

If you have any questions, welcome to contact
us.

Quantitative determination of LDH in samples, Abbkine CheKine™ Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit will offer you an easier method

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an oxidoreductase
found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH
catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate and back, as it converts NAD+
to NADH and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from
one molecule to another.

Quantification of Lactate dehydrogenase has clinical
significance because serum levels of certain lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes
reflect the pathological conditions of specific tissues. When tissue is damaged
by disease, injury, or toxic substances, lactate dehydrogenase is released into
the bloodstream. Because lactate dehydrogenase is a fairly stable enzyme, it
has been widely used to evaluate tissue, cell damage and toxicity.

Abbkine CheKine™ Lactate Dehydrogenase
(LDH) Assay Kit, more simple, convenient and sensitive

Product Name	CAT #
CheKine™ Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit	KTB1110

【Principle】

provides a simple and easy colorimetric assay for measuring LDH in samples. In this colorimetric assay, LDH reduces NAD to NADH, which then interacts with a probe to produce a color (λmax = 450 nm), the LDH present in the sample is proportional to the signal obtained.

【Samples】

serum, plasma, cell culture supernatants, tissue/cell lysates, culture medium, fermentation and other biological fluids.

【Kit components】

Name	Storage temperature	Function
Assay Buffer	4ºC	maintain reaction environment
Lactate	-20ºC	LDH substrate
NAD	-20ºC	LDH substrate
WST-8	-20ºC, protect from light	coloration
Enhancer	-20ºC, protect from light	electron transport complex
LDH Standard	-20ºC	Prepare standard curve

【Procedure】

1. Working Reagent Preparation
2. Add standard and sample per
   well, then add Working Reagent to each well. Tap plate to mix. Immediately read
   optical density at 450nm (OD0).
3. Incubate for 30 min at 37°C in the dark.
   Read optical density at 450nm again (OD30).

【Standard Curve】

About Abbkine Scientific Co., Ltd.

Abbkine serves global scientists in the
field of proteomics and cytology and is committed to the innovation and
development of various scientific reagents related to proteomics and cytology,
expecting to accelerate the pace of life science research and drug discovery.
Proteomics products cover the preparation of samples (protein extraction,
purification, coupling), protein quantification, antibodies and kits for
protein detection. Cytology products involve cytokines (cell culture), cell
status detection, cell staining, organelle extraction, cell metabolism and
cytopathology reagents (kits). Abbkine relies on the product portfolio and
unique marketing support as the main market strategy and product innovation
mode, with ultimate aim to facilitate your research career.

CheKine™ Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit, a great tool for study of hyperuricemia

Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans.

Xanthine oxidase (XO, EC 1.17.3.2 ) is present in appreciable amounts in the liver and jejunum in healthy individuals. Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. In various liver disorders, XO is released into circulation. Therefore, determination of serum XO level serves as a sensitive indicator of acute liver damage such as jaundice.

Abbkine CheKine™ Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit provides a simple and easy colorimetric assay for the quantitative determination of the XO present in a variety of samples. In the assay, XO oxidizes xanthine to superoxide (O2 - ). Superoxide (O2 - ) reacts with a tetrazolium salt WST-8 dye to form a water-soluble colored formazan product, which can be easily quantified colorimetrically at OD 450 nm. Therefore, the Xanthine Oxidase present in the sample is proportional to the signal obtained.

Product Name	CAT #	Detection Range
CheKine™ Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit	KTB1070	15.6 -500 mU/mL

【Kit components】

•
Assay Buffer

•
Sample Diluent

•
WST-8

•
Enhancer

•
Xanthine Oxidase Standard (10 U/mL)

•
Xanthine

【Procedure】

1. Prepare
   the Working Reagent.
2. Add
   standard and sample per well. Then add Working Reagent per well quickly. Tap
   plate to mix briefly and thoroughly. Immediately read
   optical density at 450nm (OD0).
3. Incubate for 30 min at room
   temperature (25°C) in the dark. Read optical density at 450nm again (OD30).

【Standard Curve】

About Abbkine Scientific Co., Ltd.

Abbkine serves global scientists in the field of
proteomics and cytology and is committed to the innovation and development of
various scientific reagents related to proteomics and cytology, expecting to
accelerate the pace of life science research and drug discovery. Proteomics
products cover the preparation of samples (protein extraction, purification,
coupling), protein quantification, antibodies and kits for protein detection.
Cytology products involve cytokines (cell culture), cell status detection, cell
staining, organelle extraction, cell metabolism and cytopathology reagents
(kits). Abbkine relies on the product portfolio and unique marketing support as
the main market strategy and product innovation mode, with ultimate aim to
facilitate your research career.